Genetically-controlled herbicide resistance in cotton plants in the absence of genetic engineering

ABSTRACT

A process is provided for selecting cotton plants which exhibit naturally-occurring genetically-controlled herbicide resistance. Initially cotton seeds are subjected to cold stress (as described) and cotton plants are formed from the seeds that germinate. Seeds are formed following the self-pollination of the resulting plants. These seeds upon maturity are soaked in a liquid containing a herbicide (e.g., a glyphosate) for a period of time sufficient for the herbicide to reach the embryos of the seeds. The seeds following such soaking are planted in a growing medium and produce at least one cotton plant that displays herbicide resistance. The plant is analyzed for the possible presence of a foreign gene for herbicide resistance that would attribute the manifest herbicide resistance to genetic engineering. A cotton plant is selected wherein the herbicide resistance is not attributable to genetic engineering.

This is a Divisional Patent Application of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 09/782,191, filed Feb. 14, 2001 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,639,124,granted Oct. 28, 2003).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Cotton, (i.e., plants of the genus Gossypium) long has been recognizedto be an important crop which is being grown in many parts of the world.This crop is primarily grown for its lint. The seed may be used forplanting or as a source of an edible oil with the seed residue servingas a livestock feed.

Modern agricultural practices are increasingly taking advantage ofherbicides to eliminate unwanted weeds from cotton fields and tominimize the labor expense of tilling the fields to eliminate weeds.Presently, no selective herbicides that will kill only the major weedspecies are available for use in cotton fields. Accordingly, it has beennecessary in the past to use genetic engineering to genetically modifythe cotton plants so that they are resistant to herbicides that arenormally non-selective and are effective in controlling the weeds thatappear in the growing area. Such herbicide can be applied by spraying tothe entire growing area at an appropriate time in the plant's lifecycle. Representative weeds that are killed by herbicides in cottonfields include Amaranthis (Pigweed), Russian Thistle, Kochia, Mint Weed,Field Bindweed, Silver Leaf Nightshade, Lambs Quarters, Burr Ragweed,etc.

Genetic engineering has involved the incorporation of a foreign gene forherbicide resistance that is not naturally-occurring in cotton into achromosome of the cotton plant. Such procedure requires specialexpertise and tends to be costly. It is necessary to use a promoter thatis not naturally-occurring in cotton to be inserted so as to enable theforeign gene for herbicide resistance to be activated in the chromosomesof the cotton plant. A common promoter when incorporating herbicideresistance for glyphosate resistance into cotton is CaMV35S. Otheravailable promoters include ACTIN, NOS, and PCSLV. Representative priorpublications that concern the use of genetic engineering to produce suchherbicide resistance include U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,971,908; 5,145,783;5,312,910; 5,352,605; 5,530,196; 5,633,435; and 5,858,742.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a new route forproviding genetically-controlled herbicide resistance in cotton plantsin the absence of genetic engineering involving the insertion of aforeign gene in cotton plants.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a cotton seedcapable of forming a cotton plant having genetically-controlledherbicide resistance that is not attributable to genetic engineeringinvolving the insertion of a foreign gene in cotton plants.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a cotton planthaving genetically-controlled herbicide resistance that is notattributable to genetic engineering involving the insertion of a foreigngene in cotton plants.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a new isolatednucleic acid encoding for a protein which when expressed causesherbicide resistance that is naturally-occurring in cotton.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an isolatednucleic acid comprising HG^(g) gene selected from R418ctHG^(g)hg^(g)having ATCC Accession No. PTA-2132 which when expressed causes a cottonplant to be glyphosate herbicide resistant, as well as a to provide avector and plant cell comprising the same.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a cottonplant having genetically-controlled herbicide resistance that can besprayed with a herbicide during all phases of the life cycle of theplant without any substantial harm.

These and other objects, as well as the scope, nature and utilization ofthe claimed invention will be apparent to those skilled in this area oftechnology from the following detailed description and appended claims.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A process is provided for selecting a cotton plant which exhibitsgenetically-controlled herbicide resistance that is not attributable togenetic engineering comprising:

-   -   (a) cold stressing cotton seeds in a humid atmosphere,    -   (b) planting the cotton seeds following step (a) to produce        cotton plants,    -   (c) self-pollinating cotton plants produced in step (b) and        forming cotton seeds thereon as the result of the        self-pollination,    -   (d) maintaining the cotton seeds produced in step (c) for        sufficient time to reach maturity,    -   (e) soaking the mature cotton seeds from step (d) in a liquid        comprising a herbicide for a period of time sufficient for the        herbicide to reach the embryos of the cotton seeds,    -   (f) planting the cotton seeds following the soaking of step (e)        in a growing medium and producing at least one cotton plant that        displays resistance to the herbicide,    -   (g) analyzing a portion of a plant from at least one cotton        plant produced in step (f) or a descendant thereof to confirm        the absence of a foreign gene for herbicide resistance        introduced by genetic engineering, and    -   (h) selecting a cotton plant from step (g) which exhibits        genetically-controlled herbicide resistance that is not        attributable to a foreign gene for herbicide resistance        introduced by genetic engineering.

A cotton seed is provided that is capable of forming a cotton planthaving genetically-controlled glyphosate herbicide resistance that isattributable to the homozygous gene pair HG^(g)HG^(g) obtainable fromcotton R418ctHG^(g)hg^(g) having ATCC Accession No. PTA-2132.

A cotton plant is provided having genetically-controlled glyphosateresistance that is attributable to the homozygous gene pair HG^(g)HG^(g)obtainable from cotton R418ctHG^(g)hg^(g) having ATCC Accession No.PTA-2132.

An isolated nucleic acid comprising a HG^(g) gene derived from cottonR418ctHG^(g)hg^(g) having ATCC Accession No. PTA-2132 is made possiblewhich when expressed in a cotton plant causes the cotton plant to beglyphosate herbicide resistant. The isolated nucleic acid can beincorporated in a vector and the vector can be incorporated in a plantcell.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Normally cotton seeds are adversely influenced when subjected to coldtemperatures below 55° F. for any appreciable period of time (e.g., overeight hours). When such cold temperatures are encountered, it isobserved that the plants resulting from such seeds commonly exhibitretarded growth, spindly stems, root abnormalities, and failure to reachsexual maturity.

The cotton seeds that are used as the starting material in the processof the present invention are harvested from cotton plants which have notbeen previously rendered herbicide resistant by the use of geneticengineering through the insertion of a foreign gene for herbicideresistance. In preferred embodiments, the cotton seeds are derived fromcotton plants of preexisting cotton varieties or lines which arerecognized to display superior agronomic characteristics underconventional cotton growing conditions.

During the initial step of the process of the present invention, thecotton seeds are cold stressed in a humid atmosphere under conditionsthat normally would be deleterious to such seeds. Representativetemperatures within the range of approximately 40 to 50° F. (mostpreferably approximately 42 to 49° F.) commonly are employed during thecold stressing. If the temperature is above 50° F., many more marginalplants commonly survive and commonly require an excessive number ofcold-stressing cycles for removal from the population. If thetemperature is below 40° F., there commonly are few surviving plants.During the cold stressing step of the process, day temperatures ofapproximately 49° F. and night temperatures of approximately 42° F. or aconstant temperature of approximately 45° F. have been used toadvantage. The duration of the cold stressing step of the processpreferably is at least approximately 7 days, and most preferably atleast approximately 18 days. Cold stressing of 7 to 18 days has commonlybeen utilized when practicing the process of the present invention. Thedesired results are not commonly achieved if the duration of the coldstressing is less than seven days. Colder temperatures for shorterperiods of time have proven to be ineffective in research conducted todate. During the cold stressing it is essential that the seedsadditionally be subjected to a humid atmosphere. The relative humiditypreferably should be at least 90 percent, and most preferably at least99 percent. The cold stressing optionally can be conducted in aplurality of generations. In a preferred embodiment a plurality ofgenerations (e.g., three generations) of cold stressing are utilizedwith the progeny of the surviving plants being subsequently coldstressed in each successful generation. This results in a stablepopulation of cold tolerant cotton plants.

At the conclusion of the cold stressing step the seeds are planted, andan effort is made to germinate these to produce cotton plants. It isobserved that the cold stressing generally has had a detrimentalinfluence on the ability of most of the seeds to produce typical cottonplants as evidenced by the functional death of the seedling orgermination of the seedling combined with an inability to grow to form anormal plant. For instance, some abnormal plants will reach a height ofonly approximately 6 to 10 inches and will grow no further. Even growlights will not benefit these plants. Other plants will reach a heightof 6 to 10 inches and remain at that height for 2 to 3 weeks prior toresuming normal growth. Maturity will be greatly prolonged because oflate flowering and late boll set. A minority of the cold-stressed plantswill grow normally and will flower and boll set the same asnon-cold-stressed plants. It is these plants that are further used inthe process of the present invention. Commonly, only approximately 0.1to 45 percent of the cotton seeds will germinate to form cotton plantsfollowing the cold stressing. The variation in the percentage of cottonplants that grow normally following cold stressing varies with thecotton type that is selected as the starting material. Delta cottontypes display only a rare individual plant. The results with West Texas(High Plains) varieties vary greatly. For instance, in tests conductedto date, Paymaster HS-26 had only an approximately 2 percent survivalrate, HS-200 had an approximately 8 percent survival rate, JH216 had anapproximately 40 percent survival rate, and Tejas had a 42 percentsurvival rate.

Cotton plants resulting from the germination of the cold-stressed seedsare selected for further use in accordance with the process of thepresent invention which are observed to demonstrate normal phenotypesand growth characteristics. These plants are subjected to controlledself-pollination and cotton seeds are formed upon the resulting plantsthat are allowed to mature.

The resulting cotton seeds are harvested and are stored for a sufficientperiod of time to break the natural dormancy of the seeds. For instance,this can be accomplished by placing the cotton seeds in a freezer at atemperature of 5° F. or less for a minimum of 72 hours and preferablyfor at least one week.

The mature cotton seeds next are soaked in a liquid comprising aherbicide that normally will kill cotton plants when applied at aconcentration at least sufficient to kill unwanted weeds that commonlyoccur in cotton fields. Representative herbicides include glyphosate,2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, glufosinate ammonium butanoic acid,3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile, etc.

In a preferred embodiment the herbicide is a glyphosate. Such herbicideis N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine of the chemical formula:

and is commercially available from Monsanto Corporation under theROUNDUP trademark and other companies under various trademarks. Thisherbicide is a non-selective, broad spectrum, post-emergence herbicidewhich is registered for use in more than fifty crops. This molecule isan acid, which dissociates in aqueous solution to form phytotoxicanions. Several anionic forms are known. As used herein, the name“glyphosate” refers to the acid and its anions. Glyphosate inhibits theshikimic acid pathway which provides a precursor for the synthesis ofaromatic amino acids. Specifically, glyphosate curbs the conversion ofphosphoenolpyruvate and 3-phosphoshikimic acid to5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimic acid by inhibiting the enzyme5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimiate synthase.

The 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide commonly is known as“2,4-D” and is commercially available from a number of sources,including United Agri Products, Incorporated. Such herbicide is known topromote very rapid plant growth that is not sustainable.

The glufosinate ammonium butanoic acid herbicide is commerciallyavailable from the Aventis Corporation under the LIBERTY trademark.

The 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile herbicide commonly is commerciallyavailable from the Rhone Poulenc Corporation under the BUCTRILtrademark.

Preferably the cotton seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of theherbicide. Commonly the herbicide is present in the solution in aconcentration of approximately 2 to 6 percent by weight, and mostpreferably in a concentration of approximately 2.5 percent by weight.Commonly the cotton seeds are simply immersed or suspended in the liquidcomprising the herbicide. The soaking of cotton seeds is conducted for aperiod of time that is at least sufficient for the herbicide to reachthe embryos of the cotton seeds. A soaking time of at least 6 hours ispreferred and most preferably a soaking time of at least 8 hours isused. Representative soaking times for the cotton seeds commonly areapproximately 6 to 12 hours. The liquid comprising the herbicide can besimply provided at room temperature when the cotton seeds are in contactwith the liquid and are undergoing such soaking.

Following soaking in the herbicide, the resulting seeds are planted in agrowing medium (e.g., soil) and germination of the seeds is attempted toproduce cotton plants that display herbicide resistance. The herbicideresistance can be confirmed by spraying the resulting cotton plants withthe same herbicide in a concentration typically used to kill weedsgrowing in a cotton field.

Alternatively, such screening of the resulting cotton plants forherbicide resistance can include the inclusion of the herbicide in thegrowing medium where the resulting seeds are planted. Good results areobtained in a preferred embodiment when one gallon of a solutioncontaining the herbicide in a concentration of approximately 2 to 6percent by weight is added to each 4 gallons of soil. The presence ofthe herbicide in the soil helps to assure that an atypical seed having aharder seed coat has not given a false indication of herbicideresistance by its survival up to the point of germination.

It has been found that a small proportion of the seeds following thecold-stressing, soaking in a liquid comprising a herbicide, and plantingin a growth medium, will germinate and yield cotton plants that exhibitresistance to the herbicide. The percentage of the plants that will grownormally at this step in the process has been found to vary from varietyto variety. Some varieties have produced no surviving plants in tests todate. Some varieties have produced up to approximately 1 surviving plantper 1,000 seeds, others approximately 1 surviving plant per 5,000 seeds,and others approximately 1 surviving plant per 25,000 seeds. Theherbicide resistance of the resulting plants can be further confirmed byanother contact (e.g., spraying) with the herbicide. A simple field testkit for herbicide resistance is available from AIT Company of Iroquois,South Dakota, as well as other sources.

A portion of the herbicide-resistant cotton plant produced followingsuch germination or a descendant thereof next is analyzed to confirmthat the manifest herbicide resistance is not the result of geneticengineering involving the insertion of a foreign gene that is notnaturally-occurring in cotton into the cotton plant by man. Thispreferably is done by checking for the presence of a promoter that wasintroduced by man when inserting a foreign gene construct for herbicideresistance. This analysis is used to confirm that the subject cottonplant is not a genetically modified organism and that the manifestherbicide resistance is attributable to a naturally-occurring geneticbasis other than that introduced by genetic engineering. Morespecifically, this analysis is used to confirm that the resultingherbicide-resistant cotton plant or plants were not derived in somemanner (e.g., by outcrossing) from a cotton plant that has beengenetically engineered for herbicide resistance. In accordance with theprocess of the present invention a cotton plant is next selected inwhich the herbicide resistance is under genetic control and in whichthere is no evidence of the use of genetic engineering to produce theherbicide resistance, such as the presence of a promoter for suchherbicide resistance. Any suitable technique can be utilized to confirmthe absence of the use of genetic engineering to produce the herbicideresistance. For instance, a DNA-polymerase chain reaction can beutilized. In a preferred embodiment a DNA-polymerase chain reaction iscarried out on a portion of a cotton plant leaf. This analysis can becarried out to advantage when analyzing a portion of a young growingleaf. A DNA sequence analysis can be utilized to confirm that the genefor herbicide resistance does not conform to the sequence of a foreigngene inserted into the cotton genome by genetic engineering. Forinstance, it can be confirmed that the foreign Petunia and CP4 genesheretofore incorporated into commercially available cotton varieties toimpart herbicide resistance are absent.

Also, contemplated by the instant invention are the nucleic acids whichcomprise the genes which when expressed in the cotton plant provideherbicide resistance to that plant. Once a cotton plant which exhibitsgenetically-controlled herbicide resistance that is not attributable togenetic engineering has been identified, the gene responsible for saidnaturally-occurring herbicide resistance can be identified. The nucleicacid encoding the gene conferring the naturally-occurring herbicideresistance can then be isolated. The isolated nucleic acid comprises agene or fragments thereof that encodes a protein responsible for causingthe plant to be herbicide resistant. This isolated nucleic acid can thenbe used to (1) identify other nucleic acids which may containnaturally-occurring mutations that provide herbicide resistance tocotton plants; (2) introduce the isolated nucleic acid into a cottonplant which lacks herbicide resistance by means of genetic engineeringwhich are known to the artisan of ordinary skill; (3) insert theisolated nucleic acid into a suitable vector which can be expressed in acotton plant; and (4) insert the vector into a plant cell (e.g., acotton plant cell).

Vectors suitable for use in expressing the nucleic acids, which whenexpressed in a plant confer herbicide resistance, include but are notlimited to pMON979, pMON977, pMON886, pCaMVCN, and vectors derived fromthe tumor inducing (Ti) plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens describedby Rogers et al., Meth. Enzymol. 153:253–77 (1987). The nucleic acid isinserted into the vector such that it is operably linked to a suitablepromoter. Suitable promoters for use with the nucleic acids includeCaMV35S, ACTIN, NOS and PCSLV promoters.

The vectors comprising the nucleic acid can be inserted into a plantcell using a variety of known methods. For example, DNA transformationof plant cells include but are not limited to Agrobacterium-mediatedplant transformation, protoplast transformation, gene transfer intopollen, injection into reproductive organs, injection into immatureembryos and particle bombardment. These methods are described more fullyin U.S. Pat. No. 5,756,290 and the references cited therein.Site-specific recombination systems can also be employed to reduce thecopy number and random integration of the nucleic acid into the cottonplant genome. For example, the Cre/lox system can be used to mediate loxsite-specific recombination in plant cells. This method can be found atleast in Choi et al., Nuc. Acids Res. 28: E19 (2000).

The resulting herbicide resistance is shown to be an infrequentlynaturally-occurring dominant genetic mutant and not the product ofgenetic modification. The process steps of the present invention havebeen found to enable the isolation of such genetic mutant in cotton on areliable basis. Such herbicide resistance is under genetic controlthrough the expression of one or more dominant gene pairs for herbicideresistance and can be readily transferred to other cotton varieties andlines, particularly when cotton plants are isolated and/or produced byconventional plant breeding.

The herbicide resistance of the present invention can be provided intrue-breeding cotton varieties and lines as well as in F₁ cottonhybrids. When forming F₁ hybrids, the requisite genetic control isprovided in both parent plants (e.g., in cytoplasmic male sterile andrestorer parent plants). Also, cotton plants can be provided that areresistant to more than one herbicide when appropriatenaturally-occurring genes are incorporated into a single cotton plantsuch as by the use of conventional plant breeding followed by selection.

Heretofore, the use by cotton growers of herbicide resistance (e.g.,glyphosate herbicide resistance) produced by genetic engineering hasrequired the application of a herbicide only during the early stages ofcotton plant growth and not after the cotton plant has reached thefour-leaf stage. For instance, when herbicide-resistant cotton plants ofthis type are sprayed with a herbicide such as a glyphosate after thefour-leaf stage there is deleterious interference with cotton bollproduction. On the contrary, it has been found that herbicide resistantcotton plants of the present invention can be sprayed with herbicide atany stage of the plant life cycle without deleterious results. Forinstance, herbicide resistant cotton plants of the present invention canbe sprayed with a herbicide following squaring and flowering. A longerand safer period for spraying with a herbicide is provided. Accordingly,a cotton grower when utilizing cotton plants of the present invention,can spray the cotton field with herbicide whenever the need for weedcontrol is apparent without restriction with respect to timing. Thisprovides greater weed control options and flexibility to the cottongrower.

The following Examples are presented as specific illustrations of theclaimed invention. It should be understood, however, that the inventionis not limited to the specific details of the Examples.

EXAMPLE I

Seeds of cotton B418 (Reg. No. PL-14, PI 583853) were selected as thestarting material. This variety was released jointly by the UnitedStates Department of Agriculture-ARS and the Texas AgriculturalExperiment Station and is publically available. See, Crop Science, Vol.35, No. 5, Page 1518 (1995). The cotton seeds of this variety wereobtained from the United States Department of Agriculture at Weslaco,Tex., U.S.A., in 1994.

Approximately 100 grams of seeds of this variety were planted and theagronomic characteristics and boll storm resistance were confirmed to begood. Such plants were allowed to undergo self-pollination and theresulting seeds were harvested.

Seeds of the variety were subjected to cold-stressing in a humidatmosphere for a period of seven days. More specifically, the seeds wereplaced in porous paper packets, and the packets were placed side by sidein a container that was present in a cold cabinet. The packetscontaining the seeds were contacted at the top and bottom by a dampcotton cloth, and a free end of the cotton cloth was immersed in acontainer of water. A drainage area was provided at the bottom of thecontainer and the seed packets were suspended above such area fordrainage. The temperature within the cold chamber was maintained at asubstantially constant 45° F. The relative humidity within the coldcabinet was approximately 99 percent. The seeds next were planted andgermination was attempted. Those seeds that germinated formed cottonplants that were self-pollinated to form more cotton seeds. The coldstressing was repeated on the harvested cotton seeds. These cotton seedswere next planted. The seeds that germinated were self-pollinated andcotton seeds were formed thereon. The resulting seeds were harvested andwere allowed to mature under dry room temperature conditions.

The mature cotton seeds next were soaked for a period of 6 hours in a2.5 percent by weight aqueous solution of glyphosate [i.e.,N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine] that was provided at room temperature. Thisperiod of time was sufficient for the glyphosate herbicide to reach theembryos of the seeds as evidenced by the failure of many seeds togerminate and the early death of many seedlings resulting therefrom.

Approximately 90,000 cotton seeds next were planted in the field andgermination was attempted. The plants that were formed were sprayed withglyphosate herbicide at a rate of 2 pints per acre at the 4-leaf stageand at the 10 to 12 leaf stage. Only 12 cotton plants survived thisrepeated subjection to the herbicide and displayed true herbicideresistance.

A portion of a young growing leaf from each plant was next subjected toa standard DNA-polymerase chain reaction analysis to confirm the absenceof a CaMV35S promoter that if present would attribute the manifestherbicide resistance to genetic engineering. Such promoter was found tobe absent in a cotton plant that has been designated R418ctHG^(g)hg^(g).DNA sequence analysis also has confirmed that this plant lacks theforeign Petunia gene present in commercially available herbicideresistant cotton varieties that are the product of genetic engineering.Genetic studies have shown that the manifest herbicide resistance isattributable to the dominant HG^(g) gene. This is a naturally-occurringmutant for herbicide resistance that has been discovered through thepractice of the process of the present invention. Such gene when foundin the heterozygous state can be provided in the homozygous state (i.e.,HG^(g)Hg^(g)) through conventional plant breeding followed by selectionas will be apparent to those skilled in plant breeding.

On Jun. 27, 2000 a deposit of 2,500 seeds of R418ctHG^(g)hg^(g) was madeunder the terms of the Budapest treaty at the American Type CultureCollection, 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, Va. 20110-2209,U.S.A., and has received ATCC Accession No. PTA-2132. Seeds from thisdeposit will be irrevocably made available upon the grant of a patentthat makes reference to this deposit. However, the availability of theseseeds is not to be construed as a license to practice the claimedinvention in contravention of rights granted under the authority of anygovernment in accordance with its patent or breeder's right laws.

EXAMPLE II

Example I is substantially repeated with the exception that seeds ofcotton B-2-1ct are selected as the starting material. A more widelyplanted closely related variety derived from this source is JH216. Suchstarting material had undergone cold stressing prior to soaking in thesolution of glyphosate herbicide. Naturally-occurring glyphosateresistance is manifest in a resulting cotton plant designated-B-2-1ctHG^(g).

EXAMPLE III

Example II is substantially repeated with the exception that2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide (i.e., 2,4-D) is substitutedfor the glyphosate herbicide. Naturally-occurring 2,4-D herbicideresistance is manifest in a resulting cotton plant designated B-2-1ctHG^(DID2) when sprayed at the 7 to 8-leaf stage with an aqueous 2.5percent by weight solution of 2,4-D herbicide at a rate of 2 pints peracre.

Cotton plants with 2,4-D herbicide resistance made possible by thepresent invention will be advantageous to cotton growers where thisherbicide is being used to spray nearby corn fields in the event thereis unintended herbicide drift.

Although the invention has been described with reference to preferredembodiments, it is to be understood that variations and modificationsmay be resorted to as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Suchvariations and modifications are to be considered within the purview andscope of the claims appended hereto.

1. A cotton seed capable of forming a cotton plant havinggenetically-controlled naturally-occurring glyphosate herbicideresistance that is cotton R418ctHG^(g)hg^(g) having ATCC Accession No.PTA-2132 or a selfed progeny thereof or an F₁ hybrid thereof whichdisplay said naturally-occurring glyphosate herbicide resistance.
 2. Acotton plant having genetically-controlled naturally-occurringglyphosate herbicide resistance that is cotton R418ctHG^(g)hg^(g) havingATCC Accession No. PTA-2132 or a selfed progeny thereof or an F₁ hybridthereof which display said naturally-occurring glyphosate herbicideresistance.
 3. A method for producing a cotton plant havinggenetically-controlled naturally-occurring glyphosate herbicideresistance comprising crossing cotton R418ctHG^(g)hg^(g) having ATCCAccession No. PTA-2132 which displays naturally-occurringgenetically-controlled herbicide resistance or a selfed progeny thereofwith another cotton plant, and selecting a progeny which displays saidnaturally-occurring glyphosate herbicide resistance.
 4. A method forproducing a cotton plant having genetically-controllednaturally-occurring glyphosate herbicide resistance comprising crossingan F₁ hybrid of cotton R418ctHG^(g)hg^(g) having ATCC Accession No.PTA-2132 which displays naturally-occurring genetically-controlledglyphosate herbicide resistance with another cotton plant, and selectinga progeny which displays said naturally-occurring glyphosate herbicideresistance.
 5. A method to control weeds in a field comprising thecotton plant according to claim 2 wherein glyphosate is applied to thefield at a rate and amount suitable for effective weed control whilemaintaining the viability of said cotton plant.